ASSESSMENT TOOLS USED IN INDIA

Assessment

Assessment is the process of eliciting information through various methods to confirm or negate a condition as well as to find out the current level of functioning including strengths and limitations.

To assess a child, two major types of testing are done- a) Norm Referenced Testing (NRT) and b) Criterion Referenced Testing (CRT).

NRT are usually standardized, which helps to compare a child with other children and establish his/her status in relation to others. For example, class test and ranking children, IQ testing (intellectual assessment) measuring heights and weights are all NRTS, as they compare the measurement of each child with the norms. NRTs also lead to diagnostic labels.

Tools for assessment of Learning Disabilities in India

· DST (Dyslexia Screening Test)

· Diagnostic Test of Learning Disabilities DTLD (S.Swarup and D. Mehta).

· DTRD

· Behavioral checklist for screening the learning disabled (Swarup and Mehta)

· Grade level Assessment Device for children with learning problems GLAD in primary schools (J. Narayan)

· Arithmetic and Diagnostic test for primary school children (Ramaa, S).

· NIMHANS battery diagnostic tool recommended by government (cannot be used on children above 12 years of age)

· DALI Dyslexia Assessment for Languages of India, developed by National Brain Research Centre,  contains screening tools for school teachers and assessment tools for psychologists to identify dyslexia (grade limit till 5th)

Tools for assessment of Intellectual Disabilities in India

1. Developmental screening tests:

· Revised Denver Pre-screening Developmental Questionnaire

· Kansas Infant Development Screen

· Bayley Scales of Infant Development

· Developmental Screening Test (DST) by Bharat Raj

· Functional Assessment Check List for Programming (FACP)

· Upanayan Early Intervention Programming System (1987).

2. Behavior assessment scales in Indian setting

· Behavioral Assessment Scale for Indian Children with Mental Retardation (BASIC-MR) by NIMH16

· Vineland social maturity scale by Bharatraj

· Madras Developmental Programming System (MDPS)

· Problem Behaviour Checklist by Peshawaria

· Adaptive Behaviour Scale (Indian Revision) by Gunthey and Upadhyaya

3. Developmental schedules

· Gesell Developmental Schedules

· Baroda - Bayley Scales of Infant Development

· Motor and Mental Development of Indian Babies (Pramila Phatak)

4. Intelligence tests

· Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale

· Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV)

· Kulshrestha Infant Intelligence Scale

· Kaufmann Assessment Battery for Children

· Leiter International Performance Scale (Leiter-R)

· Ravens Coloured Progressive Matrics 29 vii. Seguin Form a Board test

· ARAM- NIMH

Tools for assessment of Autism Spectrum Disorder in India

· Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT)

· Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC)

· Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ)

· Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism (ISAA)

· INCLEN Diagnostic Tool for Autism Spectrum Disorder (INDT-ASD)

· Developmental Disability- Children Global Assessment Scale (DD-CGAS).

· Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

· Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS)

· Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS)

· Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS)

· Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised (ADI-R)